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1.
Neuroscience Bulletin ; (6): 125-137, 2023.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-971542

ABSTRACT

Accurate self-motion perception, which is critical for organisms to survive, is a process involving multiple sensory cues. The two most powerful cues are visual (optic flow) and vestibular (inertial motion). Psychophysical studies have indicated that humans and nonhuman primates integrate the two cues to improve the estimation of self-motion direction, often in a statistically Bayesian-optimal way. In the last decade, single-unit recordings in awake, behaving animals have provided valuable neurophysiological data with a high spatial and temporal resolution, giving insight into possible neural mechanisms underlying multisensory self-motion perception. Here, we review these findings, along with new evidence from the most recent studies focusing on the temporal dynamics of signals in different modalities. We show that, in light of new data, conventional thoughts about the cortical mechanisms underlying visuo-vestibular integration for linear self-motion are challenged. We propose that different temporal component signals may mediate different functions, a possibility that requires future studies.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Motion Perception/physiology , Bayes Theorem , Optic Flow , Cues , Vestibule, Labyrinth/physiology , Photic Stimulation , Visual Perception/physiology
2.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 85(6): 788-798, Nov.-Dec. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1055509

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: People with vestibular loss present a deficit in the vestibular system, which is primarily responsible for promoting postural control, gaze stabilization, and spatial orientation while the head moves. There is no effective treatment for a bilateral loss of vestibular function. Recently, a vestibular implant was developed for people with bilateral loss of vestibular function to improve this function and, consequently, the quality of life of these patients. Objective: To identify in the scientific literature evidence that vestibular implants in people with vestibular deficit improves vestibular function. Methods: One hundred and forty six articles were found from five databases and 323 articles from the gray literature mentioning the relationship between vestibular implant and vestibular function in humans. The PICOS strategy (Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome) was used to define the eligibility criteria. The studies that met the inclusion criteria for this second step were included in a qualitative synthesis, and each type of study was analyzed according to the bias risk assessment of the Joanna Briggs Institute through the critical assessment checklist Joanna Briggs institute for quasi-experimental studies and the Joanna Briggs institute critical assessment checklist for case reports. Results: Of the 21 articles included in reading the full text, 10 studies were selected for the qualitative analysis in the present systematic review. All ten articles analyzed through the critical assessment checklist Joanna Briggs institute showed a low risk of bias. The total number of samples in the evaluated articles was 18 patients with vestibular implants. Conclusions: Taken together, these findings support the feasibility of vestibular implant for restoration of the vestibulo-ocular reflex in a broad frequency range and illustrate new challenges for the development of this technology.


Resumo Introdução: Pessoas com perda vestibular apresentam um déficit no sistema vestibular, o qual é o principal responsável pelo controle postural, pela estabilização do olhar e orientação espacial enquanto a cabeça se movimenta. Não há tratamento efetivo para uma perda vestibular bilateral. Recentemente, foi desenvolvido um implante vestibular para pessoas com perda vestibular bilateral para melhorar essa função e, consequentemente, a qualidade de vida desses pacientes. Objetivo: Identificar na literatura científica evidências de que o implante vestibular melhora a função vestibular de pessoas com déficit vestibular. Método: Cento e quarenta e seis artigos foram encontrados em cinco bases de dados e 323 arti-gos da literatura cinzenta, mencionando a relação entre implante vestibular e função vestibular em humanos. A estratégia PICOS (População, Intervenção, Comparação e Desfechos) foi uti-lizada para definir os critérios de elegibilidade. Os estudos que preencheram os critérios de inclusão para esta segunda etapa foram incluídos em uma síntese qualitativa, e cada tipo de estudo foi analisado de acordo com a avaliação de risco de viés do Joanna Briggs Institute através da critical appraisal checklist for quasi-experimental studies e da critical appraisa lchecklist for case reports. Resultados: Dos 21 artigos incluídos cujos textos completos foram lidos, 10 foram selecionados para a análise qualitativa na presente revisão sistemática. Todos os dez artigos analisados ??através da critical appraisal checklist mostraram um baixo risco de viés. O número total de amostras nos artigos avaliados foi de 18 pacientes com implantes vestibulares. Conclusões: Em conjunto, esses achados apoiam a viabilidade do implante vestibular para a restauração do reflexo vestíbulo-ocular em uma ampla faixa de frequências e ilustram novos desafios para o desenvolvimento desta tecnologia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Vestibular Diseases/surgery , Vestibule, Labyrinth/physiology , Cochlear Implantation , Quality of Life , Vestibular Function Tests , Vestibular Diseases/physiopathology , Sex Distribution , Age Distribution , Evoked Potentials , Meniere Disease/physiopathology
3.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 79(4): 453-464, dic. 2019. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1058723

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN El sistema vestibular tiene un rol fundamental en funciones sensorio-motoras, control del equilibrio y estabilidad de la mirada. En las últimas décadas un amplio número de trabajos ha descrito la importancia de las aferencias vestibulares en el funcionamiento de diversas áreas del cerebro relacionadas con funciones cognitivas tales como la atención, memoria, navegación y otras habilidades visuo-espaciales. Estudios en pacientes con vestibulopatía han demostrado que estos individuos presentan disminución de su rendimiento en algunas pruebas neuropsicológicas; y, a su vez, que personas con patología cognitiva como deterioro cognitivo leve y demencia por enfermedad de Alzheimer tienen mayor probabilidad de presentar pruebas vestibulares alteradas. Esta revisión se enfoca en el papel que cumple el sistema vestibular y su asociación con habilidades cognitivas; basándose en estudios básicos y clínicos que describen una red vestibular cerebral y que han llevado a proponer modelos teóricos que relacionan la función vestibular con la cognición.


ABSTRACT The vestibular system is widely known for its role in sensory-motor functions, balance control and gaze stability. In recent decades, several research articles have described the importance of vestibular afferents in the functioning of brain areas related to cognitive skills such as attention, spatial memory, spatial navigation and other visuospatial abilities. Studies involving subjects with vestibulopathy reveal that these individuals show decreased performance on neuropsychological tests; and that patients with neurocognitive pathologies, such as mild cognitive impairment and dementia due to Alzheimer's disease, have a greater probability of producing diminished or absent responses in clinical vestibular electrophysiological tests. This literature review focuses on the role played by the vestibular system and its association with cognitive abilities. The review incorporates a description of basic and clinical research that describe the cortical vestibular network and emerging theoretical models linking vestibular function to cognition.


Subject(s)
Humans , Vestibule, Labyrinth/physiology , Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology , Vestibular Function Tests , Vestibule, Labyrinth/anatomy & histology , Cognition , Alzheimer Disease , Spatial Navigation , Hippocampus
4.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 84(6): 744-753, Nov.-Dec. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-974386

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Calcium is vital for the functioning of the inner ear hair cells as well as for the neurotransmitter release that triggers the generation of a nerve impulse. A reduction in calcium level could therefore impair the peripheric vestibular functioning. However, the outcome of balance assessment has rarely been explored in cases with osteopenia and osteoporosis, the medical conditions associated with reduction in calcium levels. Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the impact of osteopenia and osteoporosis on the outcomes of behavioural and objective vestibular assessment tests. Methods: The study included 12 individuals each in the healthy control group and osteopenia group, and 11 individuals were included in the osteoporosis group. The groups were divided based on the findings of bone mineral density. All the participants underwent behavioural tests (Fukuda stepping, tandem gait and subjective visual vertical) and objective assessment using cervical and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials. Results: A significantly higher proportion of the individuals in the two clinical groups' demonstrated abnormal results on the behavioural balance assessment tests (p < 0.05) than the control group. However, there was no significant difference in latencies or amplitude of cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential and oVEMP between the groups. The proportion of individuals with absence of ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential was significantly higher in the osteoporosis group than the other two groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The findings of the present study confirm the presence of balance-related deficits in individuals with osteopenia and osteoporosis. Hence the clinical evaluations should include balance assessment as a mandatory aspect of the overall audiological assessment of individuals with osteopenia and osteoporosis.


Resumo: Introdução: O cálcio é vital para o funcionamento das células ciliadas, assim como para a liberação dos neurotransmissores que desencadeiam um impulso nervoso. Uma redução nos níveis de cálcio poderia, portanto, prejudicar o funcionamento vestibular periférico. No entanto, a avaliação do equilíbrio tem sido raramente explorada em casos de osteopenia e osteoporose, condições médicas associadas à redução dos níveis de cálcio. Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar o impacto da osteopenia e da osteoporose nos resultados dos testes de avaliação comportamental e vestibular objetiva. Método: O estudo incluiu 12 indivíduos nos grupos controle e grupo de osteopenia e 11 indivíduos no grupo da osteoporose. Os grupos foram divididos com base nos achados da densidade mineral óssea. Todos os participantes foram submetidos a testes comportamentais (Prova dos Passos de Fukuda, Marcha em tandem e Vertical Visual Subjetiva) e à avaliação objetiva com o uso de potenciais evocados miogênicos vestibulares cervical e ocular (cVEMP e oVEMP). Resultados: Uma proporção significativamente maior de indivíduos nos dois grupos com condições clínicas mostrou resultados anormais nos testes de avaliação comportamental e do equilíbrio (p < 0,05) do que o grupo controle. Embora não tenha havido diferença significativa nas latências ou na amplitude de cVEMP e oVEMP entre os grupos, a proporção de indivíduos com ausência de oVEMP foi significativamente maior no grupo da osteoporose do que nos outros dois grupos (p < 0,05). Conclusão: Os resultados do presente estudo demonstram a presença de déficits de equilíbrio em indivíduos com osteopenia e osteoporose. Assim, as avaliações clínicas gerais e audiológicas de indivíduos com osteopenia e osteoporose deveriam incluir a avaliação do equilíbrio como um aspecto obrigatório.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Osteoporosis/physiopathology , Bone Diseases, Metabolic/physiopathology , Vestibule, Labyrinth/physiology , Osteoporosis/metabolism , Bone Diseases, Metabolic/metabolism , Postural Balance/physiology , Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials/physiology , Preliminary Data , Gait/physiology , Hearing Tests , Hypocalcemia/metabolism
5.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 71(9A): 615-620, set. 2013. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-687266

ABSTRACT

Objective The aim of this study was to validate a simple and reproducible method for assessing gait deviation on the Babinski-Weill test in a representative sample of healthy Brazilians. Methods Gait deviations were measured in 75 individuals (median=30 years, 41 women) for forward, backwards, and Babinski-Weill steps. The test entailed blindfolded individuals walking 10 paces at a frequency of 1 Hz with deviations subsequently measured by a protractor. Results Mean gait deviation forward was 0.53° with standard deviation (SD)=4.22 and backwards was 2.14° with SD=4.29. No significant difference in deviation was detected between genders (t test p=0.40 forward and p=0.77 backwards) or for age (ANOVA, p=0.33 forward and p=0.63 backwards). On the Babinski-Weill test, mean gait deviation was 5.26°; SD=16.32 in women and -3.11°; SD=12.41 in men, with no significant difference between genders (t test, p=0.056). Discussion Defining normative gait patterns helps distinguish pathological states. .


Objetivo O objetivo deste trabalho foi validar para uso no Brasil um método simples e reprodutível para avaliação do desvio no teste da marcha de Babinski-Weill. Métodos As medidas de desvio da marcha foram realizadas em 75 indivíduos (mediana=30 anos, 41 mulheres) na marcha para frente, para trás e no teste da marcha Babinski-Weill. Durante os testes, indivíduos com olhos vendados andavam 10 passos na freqüência de 1 Hz, sendo os desvios mensurados com transferidor. Resultados O desvio para frente teve média de 0,53° com desvio padrão (DP)=4,22 e para trás 2,14° com DP=4,29. Não houve diferença nos desvios entre os gêneros (teste t p=0,40 frente e p=0,77 trás) e entre as idades (ANOVA, p=0,33 frente e p=0,63 trás). No teste da marcha de Babinski-Weill as mulheres desviaram em média 5,26°; DP=16,32 e os homens -3,11°; DP=12,41, sem diferença entre os gêneros (teste t, p=0,056). Discussão O estabelecimento de padrões de normalidade possibilita a identificação de estados patológicos. .


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Gait/physiology , Vestibular Diseases/diagnosis , Vestibule, Labyrinth/physiology , Age Distribution , Analysis of Variance , Brazil , Neurology/methods , Reference Values , Reproducibility of Results , Sex Distribution
6.
J. Soc. Bras. Fonoaudiol ; 23(3): 264-270, jul.-set. 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-602039

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Analisar os achados à posturografia com estímulos de realidade virtual realizada em adultos jovens, hígidos e sem queixas otoneurológicas, de acordo com parâmetros de centro de pressão, limite de estabilidade e velocidade da oscilação para diferentes estímulos visuais e em relação aos gêneros masculino e feminino. MÉTODOS: Participaram 50 indivíduos hígidos de ambos os gêneros (50 por cento gênero feminino e 50 por cento masculino), com idades entre 18 e 25 anos (média de idade 21,30 anos), sem queixas relacionadas ao equilíbrio corporal e avaliação vestibular com vectonistagmografia digital dentro dos padrões de normalidade. A posturografia foi composta por 11 estímulos visuais e determinou a área do limite de estabilidade (LOS), área de elipse, e velocidade de oscilação em dez condições sensoriais. Os resultados foram calculados para a faixa etária estudada e analisados quanto aos valores para cada estímulo, visando à obtenção de limites de normalidade dos parâmetros. RESULTADOS: Os valores médios obtidos na posturografia, quanto ao limite de estabilidade, à área da elipse e à velocidade de oscilação para os estímulos com interação visuo-vestibular apresentaram diferenças entre os gêneros, sendo que em todos os casos as mulheres obtiveram valores inferiores aos dos homens. CONCLUSÃO: Os achados à posturografia com estímulos de realidade virtual em adultos jovens hígidos evidenciam que os parâmetros centro de pressão, limite de estabilidade e velocidade da oscilação apresentam diferenças entre os gêneros, e portanto, devem ser considerados separadamente.


PURPOSE: To analyze the findings of posturography with virtual reality stimuli carried out in young healthy adults with no otoneurological complaints, based on the parameters center of pressure, limit of stability and sway speed for different visual stimuli, and regarding differences between female and male genders. METHODS: Participants were 50 healthy individuals of both genders (50 percent female and 50 percent male) with ages ranging from 18 to 25 years (mean age 21.30 years), with no complaints regarding body balance, and with vestibular outcomes assessed through digital vectonistagmography within normal limits. Posturography was composed of 11 visual stimuli and determined the limit of stability area (LOS), the ellipse area, and the sway speed in ten sensorial conditions. Results were calculated for the studied age range and analyzed according to the values for each stimulus, with the aim to obtain normality parameters. RESULTS: The average values obtained in posturography regarding limit of stability, ellipse area and sway speed for stimuli with viso-vestibular interaction presented significant differences between genders, and, in all cases, women obtained lower values than men. CONCLUSION: The findings of posturography with virtual reality stimuli in healthy young adults evidence that the parameters center of pressure, limit of stability and sway speed present differences between genders and, therefore, must be considered separately.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Postural Balance/physiology , User-Computer Interface , Vestibule, Labyrinth/physiology , Computer Simulation , Posture/physiology , Sex Factors
7.
Fisioter. mov ; 22(4): 509-517, out.-dez. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-553150

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: Disfunções no sistema vestibular são responsáveis por diversos sintomas como a tontura, vertigem e desequilíbrio, podendo estar associado ou não a outros sinais e sintomas. As disfunções centrais manifestam sintomas muito semelhantes aos das lesões periféricas, mas podem ser diferenciados por algumas características específicas como direção e duração do nistagmo. Tais sensações experimentadas pelos indivíduos acometidos causam um grande desconforto levando-os à restrição de movimentos, reduzindo sua participação em atividades domésticas e sociais. Os exercícios da reabilitação vestibular visam reduzir tais sintomas a fim de melhorar o equilíbrio e a estabilidade postural do indivíduo durante a realização das atividades previamente abandonadas. Para elaborar um programa de reabilitação vestibular é necessária uma avaliação completa e abrangente com o objetivo de encontrar as disfunções responsáveis pelo desequilíbrio postural e, consequentemente, planejar um tratamento adequado e eficaz. OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi revisar artigos existentes na literatura que descrevem testes, escalas e questionários usados para avaliação do equilíbrio postural e elaborar um roteiro de avaliação para pacientes com desequilíbrio postural. METODOLOGIA: Este trabalho revisou e analisou os testes, escalas e dados quantitativos para avaliação do equilíbrio postural. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÃO: A partir desta análise foi proposto e elaborado um roteiro de avaliação para pacientes com distúrbio do equilíbrio postural que engloba desde a história do paciente até a reabilitação de testes específicos.


INTRODUCTION: Vestibular dysfunctions are responsible for many symptoms like dizziness, vertigo and posture imbalance, associated or not with other symptoms. Central vestibular dysfunction can cause symptoms that are similar to the ones caused by peripheral lesions, although they can be distinguished by specific characteristics such as the nystagmus direction and duration. These sensations that some injured people feel cause a wide distress leading to movements limitation, reducing their social and domestics activities participation. Exercises for vestibular rehabilitation tend to reduce the symptoms, improving the postural balance and stability during the activities previously abandoned. To elaborate a vestibular rehabilitation program a complete and contained evaluation is necessary to be able to focus in the principal problem and devise an adequate and effective treatment. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to review articles in the literature that describes tests, scales and questionnaires used to evaluate the postural stability and elaborate an evaluating protocol for patients with postural imbalance. METHODS: This study reviewed and analyzed the evaluating methods found in the literature for the last 15 years and verified if they could quantify the patient’s data and symptoms. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Based on this analysis, an evaluating protocol for patients with postural stability dysfunction was elaborated that approaches the patients history and specific tests.


Subject(s)
Physical Therapy Specialty , Vestibular Diseases , Postural Balance , Posture , Rehabilitation , Vertigo , Vestibule, Labyrinth , Vestibule, Labyrinth/physiology
8.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 65(2A): 218-221, jun. 2007. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-453915

ABSTRACT

A non-comparable, individual, observational and contemporary cross-sectional study in newborns was made to determine the dynamic lateralization in the head turning after release from the midline and its relationship with obstetric variables. From October to December of 2005, 320 newborns were admitted to the Adjacent Lodgings of the University Hospital of Santa Maria. From those, 89 were selected for assessment of the vestibular function since they have had previously fetal static control through ultrasound. Our results show that the right-sided head lateralization was significantly greater than the left-sided. The predominancy of the lateralization towards the right side also occurred in cephalic presentations and left-sided back, however these were not significant. Results corroborate with the existing literature and suggest an association between fetal static and vestibular function.


Com o objetivo determinar a lateralização dinâmica na prova da queda da cabeça e sua associação com variáveis obstétricas, foi realizado um estudo transversal no recém-nascido, não comparado, individual, observacional e contemporâneo. No período de outubro a dezembro de 2005, 320 recém-nascidos foram admitidos no Alojamento Conjunto do Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, e destes 89 foram selecionados para avaliação da função vestibular, por terem feito controle da estática fetal através do ultrasom. Nossos resultados mostram que a lateralização da cabeça para a direita foi significativamente maior do que para esquerda. Também este predomínio da lateralização para a direita ocorreu nas apresentações cefálicas e com o dorso para esquerda, no entanto estes não foram significativos. Nossos resultados corroboram com a literatura existente, e sugerem uma associação entre a estática fetal e a função vestibular.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Pregnancy , Functional Laterality , Head/physiology , Vestibule, Labyrinth/physiology , Chi-Square Distribution , Cross-Sectional Studies , Delivery, Obstetric , Fetus/physiology , Gestational Age , Head/anatomy & histology , Movement/physiology , Sex Factors , Ultrasonography, Prenatal , Uterus/physiology , Vestibular Function Tests
9.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 65(2A): 332-335, jun. 2007. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-453936

ABSTRACT

A esclerose múltipla (EM) é doença desmielinizante, inflamatória, que acomete a substância branca do sistema nervoso central, e sensações vestibulares anormais (vertigem, desequilíbrio) são freqüentes. A reabilitação vestibular (RV) é determinada por mecanismos de adaptações, substituições e compensações neurais. Este estudo avaliou a melhora da vertigem central ou periférica em pacientes com EM remitente-recorrente submetidos à RV (exercícios de Cawthorne-Cooksey), através da escala de Berg e Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI). Nesta amostra de 4 casos a RV, realizada em um período de 2 meses, demonstrou a melhora em 3 pacientes avaliados pela escala de Berg e em 2 pacientes quando avaliados pela DHI.


Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating, inflammatory illness, that attack the white matter of the central nervous system, and abnormal vestibular sensations (vertigo, disequilibrium) are frequent. The vestibular rehabilitation (VR) is determined by mechanisms of adaptations, neural substitutions and compensations. This study evaluated the improvement of the central or peripheral vertigo in patients with relapsing-remitting MS submitted to the VR (exercises of Cawthorne-Cooksey), through the scale of Berg and Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI). In this sample of 4 cases the VR, carried through in a period of 2 months, demonstrated the improvement in 3 patients according to the Berg scale and in 2 patients considering that of the DHI.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Dizziness/rehabilitation , Exercise Therapy , Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/rehabilitation , Vestibular Diseases/rehabilitation , Vestibule, Labyrinth/physiology , Activities of Daily Living , Dizziness/physiopathology , Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/physiopathology , Postural Balance , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Vestibular Diseases/physiopathology
10.
Indian J Exp Biol ; 2002 May; 40(5): 541-5
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-60114

ABSTRACT

Vestibulo cerebellar lesion in rats produced a decrease in the intracellular presecreted mucus together with a decrease in the norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5HT) content of the duodenal tissue. Whereas vestibulo cerebellar stimulation by rotation produced an increase in the intracellular presecreted mucus and an increase in the NE content of the duodenal tissue but very little increase in 5HT content of the duodenum. The results suggest that the vestibulo cerebellum by modulating the tissue content of the neurotransmitter NE and 5HT has a direct influence in the protective mechanism through the intracellular mucus content.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cerebellum/physiology , Duodenum/physiology , Female , Intestinal Mucosa/physiology , Male , Neurotransmitter Agents/physiology , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Vestibule, Labyrinth/physiology
11.
Indian J Exp Biol ; 1999 Jun; 37(6): 599-601
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-60061

ABSTRACT

Effect of cerebellar lesion and vestibular stimulation (VS) on the activity and alternation of ECL-cells along with changes in gastric volume and acid secretion was studied. The results suggest that cerebellar lesion caused increased gastric volume and acid secretion and tended to decrease ECL-cell density. On the other hand VS of nodular lesioned rats resulted in decrease of above parameter which became marked only after 21 days of nodular lesion.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cerebellum/drug effects , Enterochromaffin Cells/cytology , Gastric Mucosa/cytology , Kainic Acid/toxicity , Male , Rats , Rotation , Vestibule, Labyrinth/physiology
12.
Indian J Exp Biol ; 1999 Jun; 37(6): 602-4
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-62400

ABSTRACT

The effect of vestibulo-cerebellar lesion and its stimulation by rotation on gastric and duodenal peroxidase activity of rats was studied. Vestibulocerebellar lesion by kainic acid produced gastroduodenal ulceration and peroxidase activity of these tissues were decreased. Mucosal thickness of gastric and duodenal tissue were also decreased. It was observed that when vestibulo-cerebellar lesioned rats were subjected to vestibular stimulation, the peroxidase activity was increased together with increased mucosal thickness of gastric and duodenal tissue. At the same time, it was noted that the severity of ulceration was decreased. We conclude that the study of peroxidase activity is a sensitive and potentially useful estimate of gastric and duodenal injury produced by cerebellar lesion that can be valuable in assessing ulcerogenesis and healing.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cerebellum/drug effects , Duodenum/enzymology , Gastric Mucosa/enzymology , Intestinal Mucosa/enzymology , Kainic Acid/toxicity , Male , Peroxidases/metabolism , Rats , Vestibule, Labyrinth/physiology
13.
Acta AWHO ; 17(2): 66-9, abr.-jun. 1998.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-214084

ABSTRACT

Os autores fizeram uma revisao da literatura, enfocando informaçoes básicas sobre a anatomofisiologia e participaçao dos sistemas proprioceptivo, visual e vestibular no equilíbrio estático e dinâmico. Foi analisada, mais detalhadamente, a funçao dos movimentos oculares na estabilizaçao do campo visual, contribuindo para a manutençao da postura.


Subject(s)
Humans , Eye Movements/physiology , Postural Balance , Vestibule, Labyrinth/physiology
15.
Biol. Res ; 29(3): 325-31, 1996.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-228525

ABSTRACT

The search for mechanisms responsible for the high sensitivity and sharp frequency tuning of first-order auditory neurons has produced surprising results. The cochlea, the mammalian auditory receptor, responds to acoustic stimuli with a sharply frequency tuned, nonlinear vibration that enhances low level stimuli, but generates appreciable distortion. This highly sensitive mechanical response is achieved by an electro-mechanical feedback process in which outer hair cells reinforce cochlear motion at low stimulus intensities


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Auditory Perception/physiology , Cochlea/physiology , Mammals/physiology , Sound , Basilar Membrane/physiology , Cochlea/anatomy & histology , Ear, Middle/physiology , Organ of Corti/physiology , Perceptual Distortion/physiology , Vestibule, Labyrinth/physiology
16.
Indian J Exp Biol ; 1995 Oct; 33(10): 788-90
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-56239

ABSTRACT

Effect of electrolytic lesion in vestibulo-cerebellar area of male Wistar rats was investigated on duodenal alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity. Histomorphological observations of brain indicated, that extensive lesion restricted to the wide area of nodule including ventral uvula, resulted in significant fall of AP activity at the mucosal brush border within 20 days. A comparative behavioural study in experimental and control groups by openfield test indicated that, sympathoexcitation resulting from vestibulo-cerebellar lesion may contribute to significant alteration of AP activity in duodenum of rats.


Subject(s)
Alkaline Phosphatase/metabolism , Animals , Cerebellum/physiology , Duodenum/enzymology , Male , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Vestibule, Labyrinth/physiology
17.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 17(2): 131-6, mar. 1995. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-165219

ABSTRACT

Um grupo de 17 gestantes normais e um grupo controle de dez homens foram submetidos à prova rotatória pendular decrescente (PRPD) com a finalidade de observar o comportamento da funçao vestibular durante a gestaçao. As provas demonstraram disfunçao labiríntica nas gestantes, particularmente no primeiro trimestre. Os limiares de excitabilidade foram significativamente menores no primeiro trimestre de gestaçao e pudemos observar aumento significativo da preponderância direcional com relaçao à freqüência dos batimentos nistágmicos durante todo o período gestacional, quando comparados ao grupo-controle. Conclui-se que há uma disfunçao labiríntica durante a gestaçao, principalmente durante o primeiro trimestre.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Pregnancy/physiology , Vestibule, Labyrinth/physiology , Ear, Inner/physiology , Gestational Age
18.
Rev. bras. otorrinolaringol ; 61(1): 49-57, jan.-fev. 1995. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-161108

ABSTRACT

O autor apresenta o sistema de vestibulometria computadorizada belga com uma análise crítica, apontando suas vantagens e desvantagens


Subject(s)
Humans , Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted , Vestibular Function Tests/methods , Evaluation Study , Nystagmus, Physiologic/physiology , Vestibule, Labyrinth/physiology
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